Shift from Chronic to Episodic Migraine Frequency in a Long-Term Phase 3 Study of Galcanezumab
Background
Chronic migraine (CM) is a severe condition where patients experience 15 or more headache days per month, with at least 8 being migraine-type headaches. Galcanezumab is a medication designed to prevent migraines. A key goal in treating CM is to help patients transition to episodic migraine (EM), which involves fewer headache days.
Methods
Patients aged 18-65 with CM were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo or galcanezumab (120 mg or 240 mg) over a 3-month period. Following this, they could continue treatment in a 9-month extension phase. This study analyzed how many patients moved from CM to EM, low frequency EM (LFEM), and very low frequency EM (VLFEM) for at least 3 consecutive months.
Results
At the start, patients had an average of 19.4 migraine days per month. During treatment, more patients receiving galcanezumab (31.5%) shifted to EM compared to those on placebo (19.8%). Over the entire study, 65.1% of galcanezumab patients moved from CM to EM, with 44.2% achieving LFEM and 21.5% achieving VLFEM for at least 3 months. The final proportions were 55.0% to EM, 33.4% to LFEM, and 13.9% to VLFEM.
Conclusion
The study indicates that galcanezumab significantly assists many patients in transitioning from chronic to episodic migraine frequency over 12 months.
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