Probing Dermal Immunity to Mycobacteria through a Controlled Human Infection Model

Immunohorizons. 2024 Sep 1;8(9):695-711. doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400053.

ABSTRACT

Cutaneous mycobacterial infections are difficult to diagnose and treat. We conducted a study with 10 participants to understand the dermal immune response to mycobacteria. Participants received 2 × 106 CFUs of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (Tice strain) intradermally and were randomized to receive isoniazid or no treatment. We collected peripheral blood at multiple time points for flow cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and serum Ab assessments. Injection-site skin biopsies were performed at days 3 and 15 postchallenge and underwent immune profiling using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq, as well as quantitative assessments of bacterial viability and burden. Our findings reveal the potential role of nonimmune cells in the dermal immune response to mycobacteria and the utility of human challenge studies to augment our understanding of mycobacterial infections.

PMID:39283647 | DOI:10.4049/immunohorizons.2400053

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