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Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers and Cognition Among Individuals With Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity

Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers and Cognition Among Individuals With Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity

Study Overview

This study explores how blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) relate to cognitive health in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. These biomarkers can help diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD).

Study Goals

The main aim was to look at how initial BBM levels and their changes over time affect cognition in people with T2D and obesity.

Study Design

The research was part of the Look AHEAD study, which involved older adults with T2D and obesity. Participants were randomly assigned to either a weight loss program or a diabetes support program. The study took place at multiple sites across the US, starting from 2001 to 2004, with follow-ups for up to 12 years.

Key Findings

  • Participants’ average age was 61.5 years, with a majority being female.
  • Higher levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were linked to cognitive decline.
  • Other biomarkers like Aβ42/40 ratio and phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau-181) did not show a significant association with cognitive changes.

Practical Implications

The results indicate that monitoring NfL and GFAP levels in blood could be valuable for detecting cognitive decline in patients with T2D and obesity. This may help in early intervention strategies.

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