Biomarkers in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s Disease
Background
People with Down Syndrome (DS) have a genetic type of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In our study, we used plasma samples from a previous clinical trial that tested Vitamin E as an anti-inflammatory treatment for DS. Although the trial focused on cognitive improvements, Vitamin E did not show significant benefits. We explored whether using a precision medicine approach could identify individuals who might respond better to anti-inflammatory treatments.
Method
We analyzed plasma samples from a Phase 3 trial called “Vitamin E in Aged Persons with Down Syndrome.” We looked at a range of pro-inflammatory proteins and markers in samples taken at the beginning and after 36 months. We assessed how well these markers could predict treatment responses using specific analysis techniques.
Results
We found that certain inflammatory biomarkers were very effective in predicting who would benefit from the treatment, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.41%. Other markers related to nerve pathology also helped predict responses, but with a lower accuracy of 73.98%. When we combined both types of data, we achieved a high accuracy of 97.35%, indicating which patients were likely to respond to treatment.
Conclusion
Our study confirmed that our method for identifying inflammatory responses is useful for people with DS. We showed that a combined approach using inflammation and nerve pathology markers can pinpoint DS patients who are more likely to benefit from anti-inflammatory treatments. This indicates that precision medicine can effectively address Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with Down Syndrome. We are continuing our research to further understand these predictive algorithms and their relationship with disease progression in DS.
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