Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of Late 8-Hour Time-Restricted Eating for Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes
Background
No previous studies have looked into how late time-restricted eating (lTRE) impacts blood sugar control or body composition in adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Objective
The goal of this study was to see if lTRE is feasible, acceptable, and effective compared to a longer eating window in adolescents with T2D.
Study Design
This was a 12-week randomized trial comparing lTRE with a control group in adolescents facing obesity and recently diagnosed T2D.
Participants
Participants were aged 13-21, diagnosed with T2D, and receiving metformin treatment. The study took place at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles from January 2021 to December 2022. Out of 36 eligible participants, 27 were included (75% recruitment rate), with an average age of 16.5 years. Most were Hispanic, and 63% were female. A total of 23 completed the study.
Intervention
Participants used a continuous glucose monitor and were randomly assigned to one of two eating schedules for 12 weeks:
- lTRE: Eating only between 12:00 PM and 8:00 PM without counting calories.
- Control: Eating over a span of 12 or more hours each day.
Main Outcomes Measured
The study tracked participant recruitment, retention, and adherence to assess feasibility. It also looked at blood sugar control, weight loss, body fat, sleep patterns, and dietary intake as secondary outcomes.
Statistical Analysis
Data was analyzed based on the intention to treat (ITT) approach, using mixed-effects models to compare outcomes between groups.
Results
Participants adhered to the lTRE schedule for 6.2 days per week, while control participants adhered for 5.9 days per week. Those on lTRE reported that the eating time restriction did not affect their daily life, with no adverse events reported.
- lTRE group showed a decrease in %BMIp95 by -3.4% (p = 0.02).
- HbA1c reduced by -0.4% (p = 0.06).
- ALT decreased by -31.1 U/L (p = 0.05).
No significant differences were noted between the lTRE and control groups. The lTRE group had a daily calorie reduction, while the control group had an increase (p = 0.01). Changes in sleep patterns and eating behaviors were not significant.
Conclusions
The good recruitment and retention rates indicate that lTRE is a feasible option for adolescents with T2D. Participants found lTRE acceptable and adhered well to it. Future research should refine the intervention while maintaining its successful elements to enhance adherence and engagement.
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