Effects of Monitoring Dietary Biomarkers and Providing Vegetable Juice on Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Adults

Background

Mongolian people often do not eat enough vegetables, leading to more cases of metabolic syndrome. Monitoring vegetable intake through dietary biomarkers, like skin carotenoid levels and the urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio, can help improve eating habits. Vegetable juices offer a simple way to increase vegetable consumption. This study looked at:

The link between dietary biomarkers and metabolic syndrome components.
The impact of regularly monitoring these biomarkers and providing vegetable juices on health outcomes.

Methods

Ninety-four adults in Ulaanbaatar with a BMI of 25 or higher participated in the study. The research involved:

Analyzing the relationship between dietary biomarkers and metabolic syndrome components.
Randomly assigning participants to three groups: control, monitoring, and monitoring + vegetable juice.

During the 8-week intervention, the monitoring groups had their dietary biomarkers and blood pressure checked every two weeks. The monitoring + vegetable juice group received vegetable juice daily. Changes in health metrics were compared across the groups.

Results

The findings showed:

Higher skin carotenoid levels were linked to lower blood triglycerides.
The urinary Na/K ratio was associated with higher blood pressure.
The monitoring + vegetable juice group had significant improvements:

Increased skin carotenoid level (+1.72)
Decreased urinary Na/K ratio (-0.80 mol/mol)
Reduced waist circumference (-2.63 cm)

Conclusions

Combining dietary biomarker monitoring with vegetable juice consumption effectively improved eating habits and reduced metabolic syndrome components, including waist size, in overweight Mongolian adults.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trial UMIN-CTR UMIN000051715 registered on July 26, 2023.

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