Effects of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonism in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome – the FertIL Trial
Introduction
Chronic low-grade inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to hormonal imbalances and metabolic issues. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine that stimulates androgen production. Blocking the IL-1 pathway has shown to improve heart and metabolic health. This trial aimed to see if blocking IL-1 could help with hyperandrogenemia in PCOS patients.
Methods
A trial was conducted at a Swiss hospital from August 2018 to July 2020 with 18 premenopausal women diagnosed with PCOS. Patients were given 100 mg/day of an IL-1-receptor antagonist called anakinra for 28 days. Blood samples were taken weekly. The primary goal was to measure the change in androstenedione levels on day 7 of treatment.
Results
Androstenedione levels increased by 0.5 nmol/L with anakinra, and by 1.3 nmol/L without it. Anakinra reduced CRP levels significantly but did not lead to a direct decrease in androgens. However, some patients showed improvements in androgen levels during the treatment period.
Discussion
The results indicate that anakinra can help reduce chronic inflammation in PCOS and may improve hyperandrogenemia.
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